Journal of Current Oncology and Medical Sciences

P53 expression in colorectal carcinomas study at a tertiary health care center in South Kerala

2023-12-25T03:57:42-05:00

Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks as the third most ubiquitous cancer globally and the fourth primary source of cancer-related mortality. Loss of the p53 gene is vital in the conversion of colorectal adenoma into carcinoma. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of p53 expression and investigate its correlation with diverse clinicopathological parameters, providing valuable insights into the dynamics of colorectal cancer in the specified region.

Methods: A total of 42 CRC cases from tertiary healthcare center in South Kerala, India, were sampled between December 2018 and January 2021. Comprehensive clinical data and clinicopathological parameters were collected, followed by histomorphological and immunohistochemical evaluations. The results were then correlated with clinicopathological variables.

Results: Patients aged 45 to 82 years (mean 63.5) exhibited a predilection for the left colon (57%) and rectum (33%), with symptoms ranging from abdominal pain to weight loss. Histologically, 95.2% were adenocarcinomas, mostly moderately differentiated (57.1%). Tumor extension (T3: 57%) and lymph node involvement (N1: 29%) were prevalent, with Stage II tumors (38.1%) most frequent. P53 immunoreactivity was observed in 83.3% of cases, correlating with moderately differentiated grades, higher tumor extensions (T3/T4), N1/N2 lymph node statuses, and Stage II/III tumors. No significant associations were found with age, sex, lesion site, or tumor type. P53 nuclear positivity, identified through IHC analysis, provides crucial insights into cancer biology, prognosis, and potential therapeutic implications. The finding highlights significant associations between p53 expression and key clinicopathological parameters. P53 positivity is notably higher in moderately differentiated tumors (Grade) and T3/T4 tumor extensions compared to well and poorly differentiated grades and T1/T2 extensions, respectively. Significant links were also observed with lymph node status (N1/N2 > N0) and tumor stage (S2/S3 > S1), indicating a strong correlation between p53 expression and advanced disease characteristics. However, no significant associations were found with age, sex, lesion site, or tumor type. The novelty of our study lies in the focused exploration of p53 expression in colorectal carcinomas. By specifically investigating the correlation between p53 expression and various clinicopathological parameters, we contribute a unique perspective to the understanding of the molecular characteristics of colorectal cancer. This targeted approach enhances the visibility of novel insights that our study brings to the field of p53 expression in the context of colorectal carcinomas.

Conclusion: Our investigation underscores that p53 overexpression is particularly prominent in advanced-stage colorectal cancer cases and those having LNM, further supporting its role as an adverse prognostic marker in this context.

Harnessing the prognostic potential of CT imaging in pediatric lymphoma: an in-depth analysis of disease evaluation and outcomes

2024-03-06T01:15:38-05:00

Introduction: Pediatric lymphomas are a significant childhood malignancy primarily treated with chemotherapy. While CT imaging is crucial for disease evaluation, its prognostic value remains under-explored. This study investigates the potential of CT characteristics to predict treatment response and clinical outcomes in pediatric lymphoma patients. Investigate the prognostic value of CT characteristics in pediatric lymphoma treated with chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 69 patients' medical records and CT scans. CT features (regression, size, nodal appearance, site involvement) were correlated with treatment response (regression, stable disease, progression, relapse, resolution) via univariate analysis.

Results: Most patients (76.8%) achieved good outcomes with tumor regression. However, a subset displayed stable disease (11.6%), progression (7.2%), relapse (1.4%), or resolution (2.9%). CT characteristics associated with poor outcomes (p < 0.05) included: multiple site involvement (neck, chest, abdomen), larger tumor size (>3 cm), discrete nodal appearance

Conclusion: CT features hold promise for prognostication in pediatric lymphoma. Integrating these findings into clinical practice may improve risk stratification and guide personalized treatment strategies.

Diagnostic value of peritoneal lavage fluid cytology findings of peritoneal invasion in patients with gastric cancer

2023-11-02T04:58:55-04:00

Introduction: Currently, patients diagnosed with gastric cancer typically undergo surgical or laparoscopic examination to assess the presence of metastasis.

Methods: This study involved 35 candidates for gastric adenocarcinoma surgery, consisting of 21 males and 14 females from medical centers in Rasht, Iran, in 2021. Patients reported initial complaints such as abdominal pain, nausea, weight loss, loss of appetite, and anemia. All data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results: Peritoneal lavage cytology results indicated 14 positive cases and 21 negative cases for peritoneal metastasis, while laparoscopic examination during surgery showed 12 positive cases and 23 negative cases. There was concordance between the two methods in 23 cases regarding the presence or absence of peritoneal metastasis, while 12 cases showed inconsistency. Specifically, five cases had negative peritoneal lavage cytology and positive laparoscopic examination, and seven had positive peritoneal lavage cytology and negative laparoscopic examination. Although peritoneal lavage cytology aligned with intraoperative findings regarding patient feasibility.

Conclusion: The study illustrated that solely on peritoneal lavage cytology results is not enough for determining peritoneal invasion in patients with gastric cancer.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the pain beliefs and perceptions inventory (PBPI) in individuals with chronic low back pain

2023-12-26T03:23:56-05:00

Introduction: This study constitutes a methodological investigation aimed at scrutinizing the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory (PBPI) in individuals afflicted with chronic low back pain.

Methods: To gauge reliability, both the test-retest and internal consistency methods were deployed. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient was utilized to assess discriminant validity among 118 individuals suffering from chronic low back pain. The questionnaire's construct validity was ascertained by probing the correlation between the subscales of pain persistence in the future, pain stability in the present, self-blame, and the mysteriousness of pain, with the constructs of pain catastrophizing, disability, pain-related anxiety, coping strategies, quality of life, and pain intensity.

Results: Statistical analysis using the Shapiro-Wilk test revealed a non-normal data distribution. Consequently, the non-parametric Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to scrutinize construct and discriminant validity. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.58 to 0.78 for the subscales of pain persistence in the future, pain stability in the present, self-blame, and the mysteriousness of pain. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from 0.74 to 0.88. With the exception of the self-blame subscale, the other subscales exhibited significant positive correlations with constructs of pain catastrophizing, disability, anxiety, coping strategies, and pain intensity, as well as significant negative correlations with quality of life (correlation coefficient ranging between 0.19 and 0.49).

Conclusion: The outcomes about test-retest reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity collectively suggest that the Persian version of the PBPI possesses robust psychometric properties.

A case of mucous gland adenoma of lung: a benign mimicker of malignancy

2024-03-07T01:08:33-05:00

Introduction: Mucous gland adenoma of the lung (MGA) is an uncommon benign tumor. MGA of lung is extremely rare with less than 70 cases documented in the literature to the best of our knowledge. At present, according to the World Health Organization's classification of thoracic tumors, MGA is categorized as epithelial tumor and subclassified under adenomas. This is characterized by endobronchial growth of mucous cells with no atypia. We report a case of MGA of lung which was clinical-radiologically suspected to be a malignant tumor and discuss the diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis, treatment and need for close follow-up, with a thorough review of the literature.

Case presentation: A 57-year-old lady presented with pain in the left chest wall and arm for a duration of 3 months. After clinical examination, an x-ray showed collapse, and consolidation on ipsilateral lung. The subsequent CT scan of the thorax showed an 14 x 12 x 11 mm lesion in the proximal left main bronchus. Clinico-radiologically, carcinoma of lung was suspected. The patient underwent endoscopy and the endobronchial biopsy from the lesion showed features of a papillary glandular neoplasm. There was no immunostaining of the lesional cells for TTF1, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and p40, with a low Ki67 index of <5%. Although the possibility of malignancy was deemed unlikely, resection was suggested for confirmation. The patient then underwent pneumonectomy on which a histological diagnosis of mucous gland adenoma was made. The patient is well and on follow-up for 12 months.

Discussion: Due to its rarity and clinical presentation mimicking malignancy, MCA presents challenges in diagnosis. Malignant entities like invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and endobronchial metastasis from extraneous sites need to be considered in the differential diagnosis.

Conclusion: Mucous gland adenoma of lung is a rare tumour; this case report highlights the challenges faced while reporting small biopsy samples of lung and the need to be aware of the benign mimickers of malignancy. For the accurate diagnosis of this rare entity, a multimodality approach that includes histological examination, immunohistochemical analysis and radiological findings is key.

The effect of green tea consumption on depression

2024-03-31T11:18:55-04:00

Introduction: Depression has become an epidemic disorder in the world, which according to the World Health Organization is the first debilitating factor in the world. There are different approaches to its treatment, including the use of complementary medicine and herbal medicines. In recent years, there have been reports about the protective role of tea consumption in reducing the risk of depression, especially in the elderly. This study aimed to determine the effect of tea consumption on depression by reviewing quality published studies in this regard.

Methods: To conduct a comprehensive review on the topic of tea and depression between 2005 and 2024, we used various search engines such as Persian language scientific resources SID and Magiran, as well as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The search was conducted using the keywords "tea" and "depression" in combination.

Results: Out of 215 articles that were reviewed, the final analysis was conducted on 22 of them. Among these, 20 articles validated the correlation between tea consumption and a decrease in symptoms of depression. In most of these studies, it was highlighted that consuming at least three cups of tea daily had a positive impact.

Conclusion: The results of this study have verified the advantages of drinking over 3 cups of green tea per day. It is recommended to consume green tea in various groups, especially in populations with a high incidence of depression, such as the elderly living in boarding centers.

A histopathological study on breast carcinoma with special reference to cyclin-D1 and estrogen receptor

2024-03-06T09:37:20-05:00

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related death in women in developing nations. Breast cancer diagnoses have increased as a result of rising awareness among women. The expression of Estrogen receptors (ER) plays a crucial role in determining the responsiveness to specific treatments. Cyclin D1 being a marker for cell proliferation was used in this study. The primary objectives of the current investigation were to investigate the expression of Cyclin-D1 and Estrogen receptor (ER) in breast carcinoma and to establish a relationship between the expression patterns of Cyclin-D1 and ER with the histopathological features of the tumor in breast carcinoma.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, India, from June 2021 to May 2022. A total of 59 cases of primary breast carcinoma MRM(Modified radical mastectomy) specimens were included in the study.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.12 ± 12.47 years, and the majority of the patients were in the post-menopausal phase. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 47.5% of the cases, and the majority of the cases were in grade II. The study demonstrated a trend towards increased Cyclin-D1 and ER-positive with aging. Cyclin-D1 positivity decreases and Cyclin-D1 negativity increases as the tumor growth increases. The study showed a statistically significant association (P=0.001) between ER and Cyclin-D1. The majority of post-menopausal patients had ER-positive.

Conclusion: The present study provides the incidence of different parameters associated with breast carcinoma and their statistical correlation with CyclinD1 and ER that will provide improved and crucial treatment guidance.